What is Macular Degeneration?
Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is a common eye condition where the central portion of the retina, known as the macula, gradually loses its ability to see. Often associated with the aging process, AMD tends to be more prevalent among individuals aged 60 and above. Regular eye exams conducted by an Optometrist are crucial in identifying and managing AMD.

Symptoms and Types of Macular Degeneration
The progression of macular degeneration typically affects both eyes with some asymmetry in the rate of progression. Early stages of macular degeneration may show no symptoms, and the presentation of symptoms can vary depending on the specific type of macular degeneration.

Dry AMD:
The Most Common Form of Dry AMD is characterized by the gradual deterioration of light-sensitive cells in the macula over an extended period. In the initial stages, individuals may experience minimal or no symptoms, but as the condition progresses, blind spots may develop in their central vision. Drusen formation, tiny yellow deposits beneath the retina, is often associated with the onset of dry AMD. Monitoring drusen formation and how they can change over time with an Eye Examination is important in the management of this stage of the disease. Your Optometrist may use the aid of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) scans or cameras that photograph the back of the eye to visually monitor any changes.

Wet AMD:
Wet AMD manifests as a sudden and drastic decline in central vision, usually affecting one eye first. It typically develops in individuals with dry AMD showing signs of progression. This form is characterized by abnormal blood vessel growth beneath the macula, leading to potential leakage or scarring. The treatment of Wet AMD could involve laser therapy and injections to the eyes performed by an Ophthalmologist.

Common Causes and Risk Factors
Macular degeneration is closely tied to the aging process, involving the breakdown of the membrane, pigment cells, and light-sensitive cells in the retina, resulting in impaired vision. Various risk factors contribute to AMD, including increasing age, gender, family history, race, smoking, and obesity.

Regular eye exams with an Optometrist are one of the best ways to stay on top of the health of your eyes. This is especially important if you have a family history of macular degeneration.

Prevention:
Reducing the risk of AMD involves lifestyle changes and attention to ocular nutrition. Consider these key strategies:
1. Quit Smoking: Smoking is a significant risk factor for AMD. Quitting smoking can greatly reduce the likelihood of developing AMD and slow down its progression.
2. Maintain a Healthy Diet: Adopting a balanced diet rich in vitamins C and E, zinc, copper, and antioxidants supports macular health. Include leafy green vegetables, fruits, nuts, and fish in your diet.
3. Protect Your Eyes from UV Rays: Wear sunglasses that block UVA and UVB rays to shield your eyes from the harmful effects of prolonged UV exposure.